Eco-fee modulation: premiums and penalties to encourage eco-design

Since 2010, a modulation scheme has been in place to encourage the eco-design of household electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). Professional equipment have also been covered since 2020, as well as batteries as from 2027.

Products may be subject to a premium (lower eco-fee) or a penalty (higher eco-fee), depending on a number of eco-modulation criteria.

Starting from January 1st, 2027, eight eco-modulation criteria will apply to household electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), four criteria will apply to professional EEE and seven to batteries. 

What do the regulations say?

Articles R541-99 and L. 541-10-3 of the French Environmental Code introduced by the AGEC anti-waste law make Producer Responsibility Organisations responsible for determining “the relevant environmental performance criteria for the products or groups of products covered by its approval and which have a similar use”. ecosystem must also estimate “the performance that can be achieved with regard to the best available techniques and the corresponding cost differentials and a proposal for a multi-year programme of changes in premiums and penalties based on this estimate or on other reference criteria it proposes”.

Premiums and penalties are calculated in euros per unit or per tonne for Household and Professional EEE, and as a percentage of the eco-contribution for batteries (the billing method is subject to change by 2029). 
Since September 5th, 2025, a cross-sectoral decree covering several Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes sets the terms for the application of criteria relating to bonuses linked to the incorporation of recycled plastic materials.

The AGEC law also introduces preferential modulation criteria, “including the quantity of material used, the incorporation of recycled material, the use of sustainably managed renewable resources, sustainability, repairability, the possibility of reuse or repurposing, recyclability, the advertising or promotional purpose of the product, the absence of ecotoxicity and the presence of hazardous substances”.

Modulation mechanisms are discussed with stakeholders and approved by public authorities. The latter may amend or supplement the modulation mechanism through decrees.

What are the different modulation options? 

Regarding equipment for which ecosystem is accredited, two methods have been adopted, depending on the products in question and the modulation criteria applied:

  1. The first method is used to generalise "accessible" best practices by applying a penalty for non-compliance with the modulation criterion. For example, the single-use nature of an item of equipment leads to the application of a penalty, namely a higher eco-fee. 
  2. The second method is designed to encourage manufacturers to implement more ambitious best practices, awarding them a premium if the modulation criterion is met. For example, the incorporation of Recycled Plastics from post-consumer waste via EPR or WEEE channels enables a premium to be applied, namely a reduced eco-fee. 

All the rules governing the application of criteria and the combining of modulations are specified in the technical notes below.

You can also consult the eco-fee scales  on the designated page.

From January 1st 2027

For producers of household electrical and electronic equipments

  • (EN) Modulation technical note - Household EEE - 2027

    PDF - 634 ko

8 eco-modulation criteria will apply to household EEE as of 1st January 2027:

  • 4 modulation criteria leading to the application of a penalty: 
    • Battery removability (Penalty if the battery is not removable).
    • Presence of HFC gas (only washing machines and dishwashers concerned)
    • Presence of Brominated Flame Retardants in plastic parts >25 g (except cables and printed circuit boards)
    • Single-use equipment
  • 4 super-modulation criteria for applying a premium:
    • Repairability Ratings
    • Sustainability Indices
    • Repair score
    • Incorporation of Recycled Plastics

Following a decision by the French Council of State, the provision prohibiting the receipt of premiums in cases where a penalty applied has been annulled. Consequently, premiums and penalties may now be combined, with retroactive effect from January 1, 2026.

For producers of professional electrical and electronic equipments

  • (EN) Modulation technical note - Professional EEE - 2027

    PDF - 546 ko

Four eco-modulation criteria will apply to professional EEE as of 1st January 2027:

  • 3 modulation criteria governing the award of a premium:
    • No Brominated Flame Retardants in plastic parts >25 g (except cables and printed circuit boards) 
    • Provision of spare parts for a defined availability period for each piece of equipment
    • Incorporation of Recycled Plastics
  • 1 modulation criteria resulting in a penalty:
    • Non-separability of batteries

Following a decision by the French Council of State, the provision prohibiting the receipt of premiums in cases where a penalty applied has been annulled. Consequently, premiums and penalties may now be combined, with retroactive effect from January 1, 2026.

Frequent Asked Questions

Premiums and penalties applicable to EEE under the eco-modulation scheme

For lamps 

Since January 1st 2026, LED lamps benefit from a premium of €0.03 ex VAT per lamp placed on the market, given their longevity, the absence of hazardous substances, and their low energy consumption.

For batteries 

As of January 1st 2027, a contribution eco-modulation scheme will apply to producers placing the following five battery categories on the market:

  • portable batteries;
  • light means of transport (LMT) batteries;
  • starting, lighting and ignition (SLI) batteries;
  • industrial batteries;
  • electric and hybrid vehicle (EHV) batteries. 

Eco-modulation system applicable in 2026

For producers of household electrical and electronic equipments

 

  • (EN) Modulation technical note - Household EEE - 2026

    PDF - 636 ko

  • (FR) Note technique modulation - EEE ménagers - 2026

    PDF - 616 ko

Following a decision by the French Council of State, the provision prohibiting the receipt of premiums in cases where a penalty applied has been annulled. Consequently, premiums and penalties may now be combined, with retroactive effect from January 1, 2026.

For producers of professional electrical and electronic equipments

  • (EN) Modulation technical note - Professional EEE - 2026

    PDF - 550 ko

  • (FR) Note technique modulation - EEE professionnels - 2026

    PDF - 543 ko

Following a decision by the French Council of State, the provision prohibiting the receipt of premiums in cases where a penalty applied has been annulled. Consequently, premiums and penalties may now be combined, with retroactive effect from January 1, 2026.

What are the benefits of these modulation systems? 

The benefits of implementing an eco-modulation system are as follows: 

  • Greater visibility for “end-of-life” eco-design issues in a sector that concentrates its efforts on the use phase.
  • Consistent dissemination of best practices to all producers.
  • Internal collaboration within member companies to ensure efficient application of the criteria for reduced eco-fees.
  • Waste prevention issues shared by all players in the sector, from producers to recycling companies (e.g. demanding criteria for spare parts availability, technical documentation for authorised repairers, etc.).

This French initiative is also being examined for possible roll-out in other EU countries.

 

If you have any questions on the modulation scheme, the Customer Relations team can be contacted here: producteurs@ecosystem.eco